1. 🔍 Definitions for the D license

1.1 General definitions

• Professional driver: A person whose main occupation involves driving vehicles intended for transporting goods or people.
• Automobile: A motor vehicle for transporting people, goods, or for towing other vehicles. Special vehicles are excluded.
• Road train: An automobile made up of a motor vehicle and a trailer.
• Articulated vehicle: A motor vehicle with a semi-trailer attached.

1.2 Bus definitions

• Bus or coach: A vehicle with more than 9 seats (including the driver), adapted for transporting passengers and luggage.
• Articulated bus: Consists of two sections joined by a permanent articulation.
• Double-decker bus: Has two passenger levels.
• Mixed-use bus: Designed for the simultaneous transport of people and goods.

♿️ By use:

• Urban: With standing and seated places, prepared for frequent stops.
• Short distance: Interurban; may allow standing passengers briefly.
• Long distance: Interurban; seated passengers only.
• School: Exclusively for transporting schoolchildren.

🏢 Classes according to Regulation No. 36

• Class I: Urban and suburban with standing passengers.
• Class II: Interurban with standing passengers on short stretches.
• Class III: Long-distance touring, seated passengers only.

2. 🌎 Vehicle categories

• M: Transport of persons
• N: Transport of goods
• O: Trailers and semi-trailers

2.1 Category M

• M1: Up to 8 seats in addition to the driver
• M2: More than 8 seats and MMA ≤ 5000 kg
• M3: More than 8 seats and MMA > 5000 kg

3. ⚖️ Mass definitions

• Tare: Weight without people or load.
• Mass in running order: Tare + driver (+ attendant on buses).
• Laden mass: Total weight with passengers and load.
• Axle load: Load transmitted by one axle.
• MMA: Maximum authorized mass of the vehicle.
• Combined MMA: Maximum total mass of vehicle and trailer.

4. ⚡️ Alternative fuels

Partly replace fossil energy, promoting decarbonization and the environment:

• ⚡️ Electricity
• ♻️ Biofuels or synthetic fuels
• ⚛️ Hydrogen or fuel cells
• 💥 Natural gas (compressed or liquefied)
• 💪 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)

5. 📄 Bus documentation

5.1 D1 and D driving licenses

✅ Both allow light trailers (< 750 kg). For larger trailers you need D1+E or D+E.

License validity:

• Up to age 65: 5 years
• Over 65: 3 years

5.2 Certificate of Professional Competence (CAP)

🎓 Requires initial and ongoing training to drive professionally. Certifies passing the required exams and courses.

5.3 Mandatory documents on board

• Registration certificate
• Valid ITV (vehicle inspection) card
• Mandatory insurance
• Transport documents
• For trailers: card and license if not light

5.4 ITV (Technical Vehicle Inspection)

• Up to 5 years: Annual
• From 5 years: Every 6 months

✉️ If the ITV is favorable: the V-19 sticker is affixed. If there are minor defects: they must be repaired within 2 months. If unfavorable: maximum repair period of 2 months. Negative result: it may only go to the workshop by external means.

6. 🚗 Commercial vehicles

🔹 Vehicles with more than 9 seats or MMA > 3,500 kg are subject to roadside technical checks, especially if they present high risk or previous deficiencies.

7. ⛔️ Mandatory Third-Party Liability Insurance

Covers damage to third parties from accidents. Mandatory for vehicles with MMA > 750 kg.

8. 🛍️ Compulsory Passenger Insurance (SOV)

✈️ Covers all passengers in public collective transport in the event of an accident: death, disability, or temporary incapacity.

9. 📝 Control documents on board

• Tickets issued by the company or by the driver
• Advance sale and compulsory seat reservation
• Complaint forms available at stations and on vehicles

Passengers may cancel tickets with refunds of up to 90% if notice is given 48 hours in advance.

📅 Validity and control

All changes to routes or schedules must be announced 8 days in advance. If the trip is interrupted, the company must guarantee alternative transport.