In the event of a traffic accident, it is essential to act quickly, responsibly, and knowledgeably. All drivers should know how to protect the area, alert emergency services, and assist the injured if there are any. ☎️🆘
🛑 1. General Measures to Take
🔁 1.1 Order of Priority
- ✅ Ensure safety on the road
- ⛑️ Assist the victims
- 🪪 Identify those involved
- 👮♂️ Cooperate with the authorities
🚧 1.2 Traffic Safety
- 🛑 Stop the vehicle and switch off the engine
- 📛 Turn on hazard lights and place warning triangles
- 🔥 Use a fire extinguisher if there is a fire (never use matches)
- 💡 Light the area if it’s nighttime
🤕 1.3 Care for Victims
If there are seriously injured people, do not move them or alter the scene. Call 112 as soon as possible.
🪪 1.4 Identification
All parties involved must provide their identity and insurance information.
👮♀️ 1.5 Cooperation with Authorities
Drivers must provide personal and vehicle documentation and submit to tests if required.
🏢 1.6 Insurance Company
Damages must be reported to the insurance company as soon as possible.
🚛 2. Towing Damaged Vehicles
- They may only be towed by specialized tow trucks
- Exceptionally, by another vehicle to a safe location
- In the case of dangerous goods, inform and follow the manufacturer’s instructions
🩺 3. Medical Assistance and First Aid (PAS)
PAS = Protect ➡️ Alert ➡️ Aid
📋 3.1 General Rules
- 🙋♂️ Ask witnesses for help
- ❌ Do not give drinks or remove helmets
- 🛌 Do not move the casualty unless there is danger
- 🧣 Cover the injured person to prevent heat loss
👀 3.2 Assessing the Condition of the Injured
- 🧠 Consciousness: talk, pinch, observe reaction
- 💨 Breathing: open airway, check nose and chest
- ❤️ Circulation: check pulse and signs of life
- 🩸 Bleeding: internal, external, externalized
🆘 3.3 Action According to Condition
| Condition | Action |
|---|---|
| Conscious | Observe, calm, do not move |
| Unconscious, breathing | Place in the recovery position |
| Unconscious, not breathing | Perform CPR |
💨 3.4 Ventilatory Support (Mouth-to-Mouth)
- 👄 Pinch the nose, blow air for 2 seconds until the chest rises
- 🔁 10 ventilations per minute
🫀 3.5 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- 👐 Locate the sternum and perform compressions 4–5 cm deep
- 🔁 15 compressions + 2 breaths (100 per minute)
🩸 3.6 Bleeding
🩹 External
- Direct pressure on the wound
- Elevate the affected area
- Tourniquet only as a last resort
⚠️ Internal
Place the injured person in the anti-shock position (head low, legs elevated). Monitor for signs of loss of consciousness.
🔥 3.7 Burns
- ❌ Do not remove clothing stuck to the skin or pop blisters
- 🧤 Use a blanket, cover the wound with clean dressings
🦴 3.8 Fractures
- 🚫 Do not move the injured person
- 📦 Immobilize the affected area
- 🩼 Fractures: closed, open, or complicated
🧰 4. First-Aid Kit and Duty to Assist
- 🩺 Recommended kit: gloves, gauze, adhesive tape, scissors, elastic band
- 🚨 Failure to fulfill the duty to render assistance is punishable under the Criminal Code
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